胸锁钩钢板治疗锁骨近端骨折伴胸锁关节脱位

目的： 探讨新型胸锁钩钢板治疗锁骨近端骨折伴胸锁关节脱位的临床疗效。方法： 回顾性分析2011年6月至2019年1月采用新型胸锁钩钢板进行内固定治疗的13例锁骨近端骨折伴胸锁关节脱位患者的临床资料,其中男9例,女4例;年龄26~78（54.08±13.91）岁。记录患者的手术时间、出血量、住院时间、术后并发症等情况。术后根据X线和CT评估骨折复位以及愈合情况。术后12个月采用Constant-Murley评分和Rockwood胸锁关节评分评定患肢功能恢复情况。结果： 13例患者均获得随访,时间12~24（16.77±4.63）个月。切口均Ⅰ期愈合,愈合时间9~13（11.00±1.75） d,骨性愈合时间3~4（3.65±0.46）个月。手术时间50~76（54.08±13.91） min,术中出血量20~56（46.08±11.15） ml,住院时间6~14（8.31±2.32） d。术后未出现感染、内固定失败、神经损伤等并发症。术后12个月Constant-Murley评分为（87.83±11.26）分;Rockwood评分（13.70±1.85）分,其中优11例,良1例,可1例。结论： 采用新型胸锁钩钢板治疗锁骨近端骨折伴胸锁关节脱位,可以早期进行关节功能锻炼,患者功能恢复优良,是治疗锁骨近端骨折伴胸锁关节脱位的有效方法。     

Inhibition of GSK-3β alleviates cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats by suppressing NLRP3 inflammasome activation through autophagy

The nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome has a critical role in cerebral ischemic injury, and autophagy is related to activation of the inflammasome under oxidative stress conditions. However, it is unclear how NLRP3 inflammasome activation is regulated. Glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β) emerged as an important risk factor for brain ischemia reperfusion injury, and GSK-3β inhibits autophagic activity in many diseases. In this study, we examined whether NLRP3 inflammasome-derived inflammation could be ameliorated by GSK-3β inhibition in a cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury model and assessed whether autophagy is involved in this process. To establish ischemic reperfusion injury, we used a middle cerebral artery occlusion-reperfusion (MCAO/R) model in rats. A chemical inhibitor (SB216763) and GSK-3β siRNA were used to suppress GSK-3β activation and GSK-3β expression in vivo. The results demonstrated that SB216763 and GSK-3β siRNA improved neurological scores, reduced cerebral infarct volume, and decreased the levels of NLRP3 inflammasome, cleaved-caspase-1, IL-1β, and IL-18. Inhibiting GSK-3β activation enhanced autophagic activity (ratio of LC3B-II/LC3B-I and p62/SQSTM1), whereas treating with an autophagy inhibitor (3-MA) abrogated the inhibitory effect on NLRP3 inflammasome activation after GSK-3β inhibition. These results suggest that inhibiting GSK-3β downregulates NLRP3 inflammasome expression by increasing autophagic activity in cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury. GSK-3β might be an attractive specific target and that it functions by regulating the NLRP3 inflammasome.     

TVT-Abbrevo术治疗女性压力性尿失禁的疗效观察

目的:探讨TVT-Abbrevo术治疗女性压力性尿失禁的疗效及并发症。方法:2012年11月~2014年2月采用TVT-Abbrevo术治疗女性压力性尿失禁患者共52例,以术后患者主观症状的改善与否作为疗效的判断标准,观察患者的临床疗效及手术相关并发症。结果:手术时间为15~25min,平均(18.7±8.2)min;术中出血量为5~25ml,平均(13.6±4.9)ml。1例术中出现血尿,经膀胱镜检查发现膀胱颈损伤,经阴道予以修补。无尿道、神经损伤,无尿潴留发生。随访3~16个月,平均12.8个月,治愈46例(88.4%),改善3例(5.8%),无效2例(3.8%),有效率达96.2%。最大尿流率(Qmax)为(18.16±6.21)ml/s。腹股沟处疼痛(Vas疼痛评分):手术当天0分9例,0~3分43例;术后第1天0分12例,0~3分40例;术后第2天0分21例,0~3分31例;术后第3天0分41例,0~3分11例;术后2周0分49例,0~3分3例;术后1个月0分52例。术后无耻骨后血肿、吊带侵蚀、排尿困难及感染等相关手术并发症。结论:TVT-Abbrevo术治疗女性压力性尿失禁是安全、有效的,且术后腹股沟疼痛发生率和疼痛程度轻。     

Randomized clinical study comparing piezosurgery and conventional rotatory surgery in mandibular cyst enucleation

PurposeThe aim of the present study is to compare piezoelectric surgery to the conventional rotatory surgery in mandibular cyst enucleation, and to determine the 2 method's suitability and the postoperative outcomes.Material and methodsEighty patients were included in the study. 35 male and 45 female, which showed cystic mandibular lesions, compared with the inferior alveolar nerve or the mental nerve. The patients were randomly divided into two groups. In the test group, cystectomy was performed using conventional rotatory instrumentation (rotatory-group), and in the other one piezoelectric surgery (piezo-group).The swelling was documented 24/48/72 h and 1 week post-surgery and the patients recorded their subjective postoperative pain daily for 7 days using a Visual Analog Scale (VAS).ResultsPatients treated with piezoelectric technique have presented a lower VAS, minor swelling and less recovery time compared to the rotatory-group. No lesions of the mandible nerve were detected with piezosurgery whereas surgery with rotary instruments resulted in 8% hypesthesia at least up to one week.ConclusionThe results of this study suggest that piezosurgery may be considered effective in cyst enucleation compared to traditional procedures with burs, since it grants the patients significantly less post-surgical pain and swelling.     

蛋白质组学及其在心脏研究中的应用进展

蛋白质组学是在基因组学发展的基础上形成的新兴学科。近年来,在心脏蛋白质组学领域的深入研究,对阐明心脏疾病相关的细胞病变机制、诊断治疗有重要意义。     

Nano-hydroxyapatite modulates osteoblast lineage commitment by stimulation of DNA methylation and regulation of gene expression

Hydroxyapatite (HA) is the primary structural component of the skeleton and dentition. Under biological conditions, HA does not occur spontaneously and therefore must be actively synthesized by mineralizing cells such as osteoblasts. The mechanism(s) by which HA is actively synthesized by cells and deposited to create a mineralized matrix are not fully understood and the consequences of mineralization on cell function are even less well understood. HA can be chemically synthesized (HAp) and is therefore currently being investigated as a promising therapeutic biomaterial for use as a functional scaffold and implant coating for skeletal repair and dental applications. Here we investigated the biological effects of nano-HAp (10 × 100 nm) on the lineage commitment and differentiation of bone forming osteoblasts. Exposure of early stage differentiating osteoblasts resulted in dramatic and sustained changes in gene expression, both increased and decreased, whereas later stage osteoblasts were much less responsive. Analysis of the promoter region one of the most responsive genes, alkaline phosphatase, identified the stimulation of DNA methylation following cell exposure to nano-HAp. Collectively, the results reveal the novel epigenetic regulation of cell function by nano-HAp which has significant implication on lineage determination as well as identifying a novel potential therapeutic use of nanomaterials.     

Probiotic Clostridium butyricum ameliorated motor deficits in a mouse model of Parkinson’s disease via gut microbiota-GLP-1 pathway

A connection between gut microbiota and Parkinson’s disease (PD) indicates that dysbiosis of the gut microbiota might represent a risk factor for PD. Microbiota-targeted interventions, including probiotic Clostridium butyricum (Cb), have been recently shown to have favorable effects in PD by regulating microbiota-gut-brain axis. However, the potential beneficial roles and its mechanisms of Cb on PD were still unknown. Male C57BL/6 mice were subjected to a PD model-induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1, 2, 3, 6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) and were treated intragastrically with Cb for 4 weeks. The motor functions were assessed by a series of behavioral tests including pole test, beam walking teat, forced swimming test and open field test. The dopaminergic neuron loss, synaptic plasticity and microglia activation, as well as the levels of colonic glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), colonic G protein-coupled receptors GPR41/43 and cerebral GLP-1 receptors were assessed. Gut microbial composition was assessed by 16S rRNA sequencing analysis. Our results showed that oral administration of Cb could improve motor deficits, dopaminergic neuron loss, synaptic dysfunction and microglia activation in the MPTP-induced mice. Meanwhile, Cb treatment could reverse the dysbiosis of gut microbiota and the decreased levels of colonic GLP-1, colonic GPR41/43 and cerebral GLP-1 receptor in the MPTP-induced mice. These findings indicated that the neuroprotective mechanism of Cb on PD might be related to the improvement of abnormal gut microbiota-gut-brain axis.     

预观察右上叶支气管开口解剖对右双腔支气管导管对位的临床意义

目的探讨以纤维支气管镜预观察右上叶支气管开口解剖方位,对插右双腔支气管导管(R-DLT)对位的临床意义。方法选择插R-DLT成年患者160例,随机分为实验组和对照组,每组80例。实验组病例麻醉诱导后预先行支气管镜检查,主要测量右主支气管长度及右上叶支气管开口在右主支气管横切面的方位(以患者正前方12点钟位置为0度起点,按顺时针增大)。两组按常规方法将R-DLT插入右侧支气管,之后以纤维支气管镜检查调整导管位置。实验组按之前测定的支气管解剖调整导管深度并作适当的旋转,对照组只调整导管深度使蓝色的支气管套囊上缘在隆突之下见到。然后纤维支气管镜改从右管腔插入通过导管的侧孔查看右上叶支气管开口的对位情况,没有进一步调整就能够看到右上叶支气管开口即为初步对位成功。最后适当微调导管,直至能看清右上肺尖段、后段及前段3个开口。比较两组初步对位成功率以及插管失败率。结果实验组右主支气管长度(2.29±0.58)cm,其中短于1cm的有2例,占2.5%;右上叶支气管开口在右主支气管横切面方位(94.5±8.3)°,其中有4例(5.0%)明显偏前或偏后。实验组右上叶支气管开口初步对位成功实验组有77例(96.3%),而对照组为62例(77.5%),组间差异显著(P0.05)。两组各有1例插管失败,占1.25%,均为右上叶支气管开口与隆突距离较近(1cm)。结论预先以纤维支气管镜查看右支气管解剖有助于提高插R-DLT初步对位的准确性,并利于插管前发现右上叶支气管开口变异而选择合适的导管具有重要意义。     

腰椎板切除术后硬膜外粘连预防方法的研究进展

腰椎板切除术后硬膜外瘢痕粘连是下腰椎手术失败综合征(failed back surgery syndrome,FBSS)的病因之一,可引起腰腿疼痛或神经损伤症状。预防和减少腰椎板切除术后硬膜外瘢痕形成,对提高腰椎手术疗效具有重要意义。椎板切除后骶棘肌粗糙面和椎间盘损伤纤维环是硬膜外纤维化和瘢痕形成的主要来源,目前硬膜外粘连的主要预防方法包括植入物阻隔、药物抑制和低剂量放射线照射等,但大多还处于动物实验阶段,其临床应用仍不确定。临床研究如自体游离脂肪移植、ADCON-L和丝裂霉素C(MMC)的结果仍有争议,未得到医学界共识和和广泛应用。理想植入物材料应具有良好的生物相容性、无不良反应、可降解吸收、在体内维持一定时间,药物的选择应抗粘连作用好、不良作用小、半衰期长。此外,药物联合生物可降解医用膜,两种或多种医用膜联合也是预防硬膜外粘连及瘢痕形成的研究方向,需要进一步研究探索新的组织材料及药物,以稳定有效地预防硬膜外瘢痕粘连。